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Hemoglobin (Hb) is the compound in the red blood cells that transports oxygen. One of the types of hemoglobin (Hb) is called HbA;
HbA1c is a specific subtype of HbA.
Glucose binds slowly to Hb and produces glycosylated Hb. There are several types of glycosylated hemoglobin measures (including total glycosylated Hb and HbA1),
but HbA1c, which is formed when HbA is glycosylated, is now considered the best and standard measure.
The higher the blood sugar, the faster HbA1c will be formed, resulting in higher HbA1c levels.
HbA1a and HbA1b do NOT bind glucose and form a minor fraction of the total HbA1 Hb. Total glycated Hb measures all fractions (not just HbA1c which binds glucose).. but still considered valid clinically since HbA1a and HbA1b form minor fraction (and both do not bind glucose)
In addition fructosamine also has a role in monitoring diabetes in a shorter duration- about 1-3 weeks.
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