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ESR- Methods
of estimation, factors affecting, variations & significance.
Haemoglobin -
Normal concentration, method of determination & variation in concentration.
Blood Indices
- MCV, MCH, MCHC - definition, normal values, variation.
Anaemia -
Definition, classification, life span of RBC’s destruction of RBC’s ,
formation & fate of bile pigments, Jaundice - types.
Leucocytes :
Classification, number, percentage, distribution morphology, properties,
functions & variation. Role of lymphocytes in immunity , leucopoiesis life
span & fate of leucocytes.
Thromobocytes
- Morphology, , number, variations, function & thrombopoiesis.
Haemostatsis -
Role of vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation in haemostasis,
coagulation factors, intrinsic & extrinsic pathways of coagulation, clot
retraction.
Tests of
haemostatic function, platelet count, clotting time, bleeding time,
prothrombin time - normal values, method & variations. Anticoagulants
-mechanism of action.
Bleeding
disorders.
Blood groups:
ABO & Rh system, method of determination, importance,indications & dangers
of blood transfusion, blood substitutes.
Blood volume:
Normal values, variations.
Body fluids :
distribution of total body water, intracellular & extracellular
compartments, major anions & cations in intra and extra cellular fluid.
Tissue fluids
& lymph : Formation of tissue fluid, composition, circulation & functions of
lymph. Oedema - causes.
Functions of
reticulo endotrelial system.
3. MUSCLE AND NERVE
Classification
of nerves, structure of skeletal muscle - Molecular mechanism of muscle
contraction, neuromuscular transmission.
Properties of
skeletal muscle. Structure and properties of cardiac muscle & smooth muscle.
4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
Introduction
to digestion : General structure of G.I. tract
Innervation.Salivary glands, Structure of salivary glands, composition ,
regulation of secretion & functions of saliva.
Stomach:
Composition and functions of gastric juice, mechanism and regulation of
gastric secretion.
Exocrine
Pancreas - Structure, composition of pancreatic juice, functions of each
component, regulation of pancreatic secretion.
Liver :
structure , composition of bile, functions of bile, regulation of
secretion–Gall bladder : structure, functions.
Small
intestine - Composition, functions & regulation of secretion of intestinal
juice.
Large
intestine - Functions.
Motor
functions of GIT: Mastication, deglutition, gastric filling & emptying,
movements of small and large intestine, defecation.
5. EXCRETORY SYSTEM :
Structure &
functions of kidney, functional unit of kidney & functions of different
parts.
Juxta
glomerular apparatus, renal blood flow.
Formation of
Urine : Glomerular filteration rate - definition, determination , normal
values, factors influencing G.F.R. Tubular reabsorption - Reabsorption of
sodium, glucose, water & other substances.
Tubular
secretion - secretion of urea, hydrogen and other substances. Mechanism of
concentration & dilution of urine.
Role of kidney
in the regulation of pH of the blood.
Micturition :
anatomy & innervation of Urinary bladder, mechanism of miturition &
abonrmalities.
6. BODY TEMPERATURE & FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
7. ENDOCRINOLOGY
General
endocrinology - Enumeration of endocrine glands & hormones - General
functions of endocrine system, chemistry, mechanism of secretion, transport,
metabolism, regulation of secretion of hormones.
Hormones of
anterior pituitary & their actions, hypothamic regulation of anterior
pituitary function. Disorders of secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
Posterior
pituitary : Functions, regulation & disorders of secretion.
Thyroid:
Histology, synthesis, secretion & transport of hormones, actions of
hormones, regulation of secretion & disorders, Thyroid function tests.
Adrenal cortex
& Medulla -synthesis, secretion, action, metabolism, regulation of secretion
of hormones & disorders. Other hormones - Angiotensin, A.N.F.
8. REPRODUCTION
Sex
differentiation , Physiological anatomy of male and female sex organs
Female
reproductive system : Menstrual cycle, functions of ovary, actions of
oestrogen & Progesterone, control of secretion of ovarian hormones, tests
for ovulation, fertilisation, implantation, maternal changes during
pregnancy, pregnancy tests & parturition.
Lactation,
composition of milk, factors controlling lactation, milk ejection, reflex
Male
reproductive system spermatogenesis, semen and contraception.
9. CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM
Functional
anatomy and innervation of heart Properties of cardiac muscle Origin &
propagation of cardiac impulse and heart block.
Electrocardiogram - Normal electrocardiogram. Two changes in ECG in
myocardial infarction.
Cardiac cycle
- Phases, Pressure changes in atria, ventricles & aorta. Volume changes in
ventricles.
Jugular venous
pulse, arterial pulse.
Heart sounds:
Mention of murmurs.
Heart rate:
Normal value, variation & regulation.
Cardiac
output: Definition, normal values, one method of determination, variation,
factors affecting heart rate and stroke volume.
Arterial blood
pressure: Definition, normal values & variations,determinants, regulation &
measurement of blood pressure.
Physiology of
Respiration : External & internal respiration.
Functional
anatomy of respiratory passage & lungs. Respiratory movements:
Muscles of
respiration, Mechanism of inflation & deflation of lungs. Intra pleural &
intra pulmonary pressures & their changes during the phases of respiration.
Mechanics of
breathing - surfactant, compliance & work of breathing. Spirometry:
Lung volumes &
capacities definition, normal values, significance, factors affecting vital
capacity, variations in vital capacity, FEV & its variations.
Pulmonary
ventilation - alveolar ventilation & dead space – ventilation.
Composition of
inspired air, alveolar air and expired air.
Exchange of
gases: Diffusing capacity, factors affecting it. Transport of Oxygen &
carbon dioxide in the blood.
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